Subcellular - RAD18 - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	RAD18
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	RAD18 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Enzymes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	6

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Main locationⁱ Main subcellular location(s) and reliability score(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The main location(s) may be characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or ihigher staining intensity compared to the potential additional location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively. Read more	Localized to the Nucleoplasm (supported), Nuclear bodies (supported)
Additional locationⁱ Additonal subcellular location(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The additional location(s) may not be present i all cell lines and may have lower staining intensity compared to the main location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively. Read more	In addition localized to the Nuclear speckles (supported)
Single-cell variationⁱ Single-cell variations of protein expression or distribution observed within single images in human cells. Variation in protein expression levels can be observed as varaiations in the intensity of the immunofluorescent signal, while spatial variations can be observed asvariations in subcellular distribution of the protein. Read more	Single-cell variation in protein expression observed.
Cell cycle dependencyⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations. "NA" indicates a lack of such data. Read more	Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle.
GFPⁱ Validation score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded proteins(s) according to a GFP assay. Read more	The location(s) are Enhanced based on analysis of GFP-tagged protein.
Reliability scoreⁱ Overall gene reliability score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded protein(s). A reliability score is set for all genes and indicates the level of reliability of the analyzed protein expression pattern based on available protein/RNA/gene characterization data. The reliability of the annotated protein expression data is also scored depending on similarity in immunostaining patterns and consistency with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. Read more	Supported
Antibodiesⁱ Antibodies used for this assay. Click on an antibody for more information.	HPA006724 , HPA008752 , CAB080160 , CAB080162
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ASSAYSⁱ

RNA expression

Human cells

Single cell variation

GFP

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWⁱ

Organ

Origin

Category

Expression

Alphabetical

Cell lines ordered by organ of phenotypic resemblance.

HUMAN CELLSⁱ

Summaryⁱ

Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm & nuclear bodies. In addition localized to the nuclear speckles.

Main locationⁱ

Nucleoplasm (supported), Nuclear bodies (supported)

Additional locationⁱ

Nuclear speckles (supported)


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.	Low High

Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	Cell line RNA Expression (nTPM)ⁱ RNA expression level in the cell line based on normalised RNA sequencing data. Genes with a value above 1 NX are considered to be expressed. Read more	Locationⁱ Observed subcellular location(s).	Single-cell variationⁱ observed single-cell variation(s) in the staining pattern. Variation in protein expression levels can be observed as varaiations in the intensity of the immunofluorescent signal, while spatial variations can be observed asvariations in subcellular distribution of the protein. Read more
HPA006724	PC-3	28.0	Nucleoplasm	Intensity
HPA006724	PC-3	28.0	Nuclear bodies	Intensity
HPA006724	U-251MG	15.2	No staining
HPA006724	U2OS	10.6	Nucleoplasm	Intensity
HPA006724	U2OS	10.6	Nuclear bodies	Intensity
CAB080160	SK-MEL-30	13.4	Nucleoplasm
CAB080160	SiHa	10.1	Nucleoplasm
CAB080160	SiHa	10.1	Nuclear bodies
CAB080160	U2OS	10.6	Nucleoplasm	Intensity
CAB080162	SK-MEL-30	13.4	Nucleoplasm
CAB080162	SK-MEL-30	13.4	Nuclear speckles
CAB080162	SiHa	10.1	Nucleoplasm
CAB080162	U2OS	10.6	Nucleoplasm
CAB080162	U2OS	10.6	Nuclear speckles
HPA008752	A-431	16.2	Nucleoplasm	Intensity
HPA008752	A-431	16.2	Nuclear bodies	Intensity
HPA008752	U-251MG	15.2	Nucleoplasm	Intensity
HPA008752	U-251MG	15.2	Nuclear bodies	Intensity
HPA008752	U2OS	10.6	Nucleoplasm	Intensity
HPA008752	U2OS	10.6	Nuclear bodies	Intensity

SINGLE CELL VARIATIONⁱ Assays for determining cell cycle dependency of RNA and protein expression, based on stainings in the U-2 OS FUCCI (Fluorescence Ubiquitination Cell Cycle Indicator) cell line, or a computational model for cell cycle position, or localization to cell cycle dependent compartments (e.g. mitotic spindle, cytokinetic bridge). Read more
Summaryⁱ Summary of observed cell cycle dependency of RNA and/or protein expression. "NA" indicates a lack of such data. Read more	Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle.
RNA expression peak phase	G1

RNA expression across cell cycleⁱ Assay for determining RNA expression level and cell cycle phase in single cells by single-cell RNA sequencing of the U-2 OS FUCCI cell line. Normalized RNA expression in individual cells is plotted along a linear representation of cell cycle pseudotime, as determined from the fluorescence intensities of the cell cycle markers.

GFPⁱ

Antibodyⁱ

HPA006724

Validationⁱ

N-terminal tag
BAC cell line: 6618
Enhanced: Antibody staining overlaps with GFP tagged protein

Antibodyⁱ

HPA008752

Validationⁱ

N-terminal tag
BAC cell line: 6618
Enhanced: Antibody staining overlaps with GFP tagged protein


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The HPA-antibody staining targeting the protein of interest is shown in green and the staining of the GFP-tagged protein in purple. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel.	Low High

Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	BAC idⁱ BAC cell line used in the analysis. BAC cell lines have been obtained from the Hyman lab. The untransfected HeLa control cells are referred to as "normal".	Tagⁱ The GFP construct can be tagged to the target protein at either the N- or C-terminal, for some genes both versions are available.	Location antibody stainingⁱ Observed subcellular location(s) annotated for HPA-antibody targeting the endogenous protein.	Location tagged proteinⁱ Observed subcellular location(s) for the antibody targeting the GFP-tagged version of the protein.
HPA006724	HeLa	6618	N-terminal	Nucleoplasm, Nuclear bodies	Nucleoplasm, Nuclear bodies
HPA006724	HeLa	Normal	-	Nucleoplasm, Nuclear bodies	-
HPA008752	HeLa	6618	N-terminal	Nucleoplasm, Nuclear bodies	Nucleoplasm, Nuclear bodies
HPA008752	HeLa	Normal	-	Nucleoplasm, Nuclear bodies	-