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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Cancer-related genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
1
Cytoband
q31.1
Chromosome location (bp)
186671791 - 186680922
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
The Structure section provides predicted structures from the Alphafold protein structure database and available experimental structures from Protein Data Bank (PDB).
In the Structure drop-down menu all experimental structures from PDB are available for selection and display. The structures are displayed using the NGL Viewer and can be zoomed-in and rotated either manually or by checking the Autorotate box. The Color scheme can be selected to show the residue index, chain name or confidence score (as B-factors and pLDDT score for experimental and predicted structures, respectively). The positions for available antigen sequences in the structure are shown if Antigens is turned to ON, and the Variants slider can be used to show the positions of clinical and population variants.https://github.com/nglviewer/ngl
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Below the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PTGS2-201
PTGS2-205
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Biotech drugs Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of male genital organs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of male genital organs Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001516 [prostaglandin biosynthetic process] GO:0001525 [angiogenesis] GO:0004601 [peroxidase activity] GO:0004666 [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity] GO:0005637 [nuclear inner membrane] GO:0005640 [nuclear outer membrane] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005901 [caveola] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress] GO:0007566 [embryo implantation] GO:0007568 [aging] GO:0007612 [learning] GO:0007613 [memory] GO:0008217 [regulation of blood pressure] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009314 [response to radiation] GO:0009750 [response to fructose] GO:0010033 [response to organic substance] GO:0010042 [response to manganese ion] GO:0010226 [response to lithium ion] GO:0010243 [response to organonitrogen compound] GO:0010575 [positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production] GO:0010942 [positive regulation of cell death] GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0016702 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen] GO:0019233 [sensory perception of pain] GO:0019371 [cyclooxygenase pathway] GO:0020037 [heme binding] GO:0030282 [bone mineralization] GO:0030728 [ovulation] GO:0031394 [positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process] GO:0031622 [positive regulation of fever generation] GO:0031915 [positive regulation of synaptic plasticity] GO:0032227 [negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic] GO:0032355 [response to estradiol] GO:0032496 [response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex] GO:0033138 [positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0033280 [response to vitamin D] GO:0034097 [response to cytokine] GO:0034605 [cellular response to heat] GO:0034612 [response to tumor necrosis factor] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0035633 [maintenance of blood-brain barrier] GO:0042127 [regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0042307 [positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042633 [hair cycle] GO:0042803 [protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043005 [neuron projection] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043154 [negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0045429 [positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process] GO:0045786 [negative regulation of cell cycle] GO:0045907 [positive regulation of vasoconstriction] GO:0045986 [negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction] GO:0045987 [positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction] GO:0046697 [decidualization] GO:0048661 [positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation] GO:0050873 [brown fat cell differentiation] GO:0051384 [response to glucocorticoid] GO:0051926 [negative regulation of calcium ion transport] GO:0051968 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic] GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process] GO:0070542 [response to fatty acid] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071284 [cellular response to lead ion] GO:0071318 [cellular response to ATP] GO:0071471 [cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress] GO:0071498 [cellular response to fluid shear stress] GO:0071636 [positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production] GO:0090050 [positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis] GO:0090271 [positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production] GO:0090336 [positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation] GO:0090362 [positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production] GO:0097756 [negative regulation of blood vessel diameter] GO:0150077 [regulation of neuroinflammatory response] GO:1902219 [negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress] GO:1990776 [response to angiotensin]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
