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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Cancer-related genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
1
Cytoband
q42.12
Chromosome location (bp)
226360210 - 226408154
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
The Structure section provides predicted structures from the Alphafold protein structure database and available experimental structures from Protein Data Bank (PDB).
In the Structure drop-down menu all experimental structures from PDB are available for selection and display. The structures are displayed using the NGL Viewer and can be zoomed-in and rotated either manually or by checking the Autorotate box. The Color scheme can be selected to show the residue index, chain name or confidence score (as B-factors and pLDDT score for experimental and predicted structures, respectively). The positions for available antigen sequences in the structure are shown if Antigens is turned to ON, and the Variants slider can be used to show the positions of clinical and population variants.https://github.com/nglviewer/ngl
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Below the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PARP1-203
PARP1-216
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000715 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition] GO:0000717 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding] GO:0000723 [telomere maintenance] GO:0000724 [double-strand break repair via homologous recombination] GO:0000781 [chromosome, telomeric region] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003723 [RNA binding] GO:0003950 [NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005635 [nuclear envelope] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005667 [transcription regulator complex] GO:0005694 [chromosome] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0006281 [DNA repair] GO:0006293 [nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex stabilization] GO:0006294 [nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly] GO:0006295 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 3'-to lesion] GO:0006296 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion] GO:0006302 [double-strand break repair] GO:0006366 [transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006471 [protein ADP-ribosylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0007005 [mitochondrion organization] GO:0007179 [transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding] GO:0010332 [response to gamma radiation] GO:0010613 [positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy] GO:0010990 [regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016540 [protein autoprocessing] GO:0016604 [nuclear body] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0016757 [transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups] GO:0018312 [peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation] GO:0018424 [peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribosylation] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0023019 [signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression] GO:0030225 [macrophage differentiation] GO:0030331 [estrogen receptor binding] GO:0030592 [DNA ADP-ribosylation] GO:0032042 [mitochondrial DNA metabolic process] GO:0032869 [cellular response to insulin stimulus] GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex] GO:0032993 [protein-DNA complex] GO:0033148 [positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway] GO:0033683 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision] GO:0034599 [cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0035861 [site of double-strand break] GO:0036211 [protein modification process] GO:0042769 [DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding] GO:0043504 [mitochondrial DNA repair] GO:0044030 [regulation of DNA methylation] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046332 [SMAD binding] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0047485 [protein N-terminus binding] GO:0050790 [regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0051287 [NAD binding] GO:0051901 [positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization] GO:0060391 [positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction] GO:0070212 [protein poly-ADP-ribosylation] GO:0070213 [protein auto-ADP-ribosylation] GO:0070412 [R-SMAD binding] GO:0070911 [global genome nucleotide-excision repair] GO:0071294 [cellular response to zinc ion] GO:0071560 [cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus] GO:0090734 [site of DNA damage] GO:0140294 [NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity] GO:1900182 [positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1901216 [positive regulation of neuron death] GO:1903376 [regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:1903518 [positive regulation of single strand break repair] GO:1903827 [regulation of cellular protein localization] GO:1904044 [response to aldosterone] GO:1904357 [negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening] GO:1904646 [cellular response to amyloid-beta] GO:1904762 [positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation] GO:1905168 [positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination] GO:1990404 [protein ADP-ribosylase activity] GO:1990966 [ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose] GO:2000679 [positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:2001170 [negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
