Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway, which converts the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine and other metabolites (Ball, 2014). This enzymatic activity exerts significant immunoregulatory effects, which has made it an attractive target for immunotherapy research...Read more

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded jointly to Dr. James P. Allison and Dr. Tasuku Honjo for their contribution to cancer immunotherapy, highlighted the dramatic advancement of our understanding of cancer immunology in recent decades. Previously untreatable groups of cancer patients are now given a chance to prolong their lives...Read more